How Regular Walking Can Boost Your Heart Health
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity walking each week.
Walking is a simple and accessible form of exercise that can have profound effects on heart health. Regular walking can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and improve overall cardiovascular function. Here’s how walking contributes to heart health:
1. Reduces Risk of Heart Disease
Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, has been shown to lower the risk of developing heart disease. Research indicates that individuals who walk consistently have a lower incidence of heart-related issues compared to those who are sedentary. This is largely because walking helps maintain a healthy weight, lowers blood pressure, and improves cholesterol levels.
2. Improves Circulation
Walking increases blood flow throughout the body, which improves circulation. Enhanced circulation ensures that oxygen and nutrients are efficiently delivered to the heart and other organs, promoting better overall heart health. Improved circulation can also help reduce the stiffness of blood vessels, which is beneficial for maintaining a healthy blood pressure.
3. Helps Manage Weight
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for heart health. Walking burns calories, which can contribute to weight loss and prevent obesity, a major risk factor for heart disease. Even a daily walk can help offset calorie intake and promote a more balanced weight.
4. Lowers Blood Pressure
Regular walking can help lower high blood pressure (hypertension), a significant risk factor for heart disease. Walking for as little as 30 minutes a day can help regulate blood pressure levels, reducing the strain on the heart and blood vessels.
5. Boosts Heart Function
Walking strengthens the heart muscle over time, improving its overall efficiency. A stronger heart can pump more blood with less effort, which is essential for maintaining healthy blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health.
6. Improves Cholesterol Levels
Regular walking can help improve lipid profiles by raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol) and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol). A healthy balance of these cholesterol levels is crucial in reducing the risk of heart disease.
7. Reduces Stress and Anxiety
Physical activity, including walking, releases endorphins, which can help reduce stress and improve mood. Chronic stress and anxiety can negatively impact heart health by contributing to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues. Walking provides a healthy outlet for managing stress, which is vital for heart health.
8. Promotes Better Sleep
Quality sleep is essential for heart health. Walking can help improve sleep patterns, as physical activity promotes deeper sleep and helps regulate circadian rhythms. Better sleep contributes to overall health and can reduce the risk of conditions that affect heart health.
9. Social Engagement
Walking can also be a social activity. Walking with friends, family, or in a community group can improve emotional well-being and provide mental health benefits. Social connections are essential for reducing stress and promoting a healthier lifestyle.
Walking offers a multitude of benefits that support heart health. It is an easy, low-impact activity that almost anyone can incorporate into their daily routine. To maximize heart health benefits, aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity walking each week. Start slow, gradually increasing duration and intensity. Remember to consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any new exercise program, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions. By making walking a regular part of your life, you can take significant steps toward a healthier heart.
Are Tampons Safe for African Women?
A recent study found that there is Presence of Toxic Metals Discovered in Tampons
Tampons are a popular menstrual product used by many people worldwide. They offer convenience and discretion, allowing for freedom of movement and comfort during menstruation. However, questions about their safety often arise, particularly regarding their proper use and any potential health risks.
For the majority of individuals, tampons are safe when used correctly. They are designed to absorb menstrual flow and can be an effective option for managing periods. However, like any product, it’s essential to be aware of how to use them safely. Understanding the potential risks and guidelines surrounding tampon use is crucial for ensuring a positive experience.
One of the most critical practices for tampon safety is changing them regularly. Tampons should be changed every 4 to 8 hours and should never be left in for more than 8 hours. If a tampon is left in for too long, it can create an environment that promotes the growth of bacteria, increasing the risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Choosing the right absorbency is also important; tampons come in various absorbencies, ranging from light to super plus. It’s crucial to select the lowest absorbency necessary for your flow, as using a higher absorbency than needed can elevate the risk of TSS.
Good hygiene practices are essential in minimizing the risk of infection while using tampons. Always wash your hands before and after inserting a tampon. This simple step can help prevent the introduction of bacteria into the vaginal area. Additionally, being aware of the signs of Toxic Shock Syndrome is vital. While TSS is rare, it can occur in association with tampon use. Symptoms may include sudden high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, or dizziness. If you experience any of these symptoms while using tampons, it’s imperative to seek medical attention immediately.
Recent developments have raised additional concerns about tampon safety. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it has started a research project examining the possible effects of toxic metals in tampons, prompting worries about products used by millions of women in the U.S. A recent study found a variety of metals—including mercury, arsenic, and lead—in more than a dozen brands of tampons. The FDA stated that the study would help better understand the potential impact and whether these metals are causing harm to women. This research is of critical importance, as up to 80% of girls and women who menstruate use tampons for nearly a week every month for decades of their lives. It’s important to note that while the FDA acknowledged the presence of metals in some tampons, the study "did not test whether metals are released from tampons when used."
Lastly, individuals with specific health conditions or concerns should consult with a healthcare professional before using tampons. This includes those with a history of TSS or individuals with certain medical conditions that may affect menstrual health.
In conclusion, tampons are a safe and convenient option for menstrual management when used correctly. By choosing the right absorbency, changing them regularly, practicing good hygiene, and being aware of the signs of TSS, users can enjoy the benefits of tampons while minimizing any risks. If you have further questions or specific health concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for guidance
Consider egg freezing as an option
Known to be a way for women to halt the biological clock, egg freezing has become an increasingly viable option for women in first-world countries, and has trickled down to the rest of the world. With the growing desire for women to climb up the corporate ladder, pursue other passions, and potentially wait a bit longer to settle down and start a family, the procedure, although costly, allows women to be somewhat in control of when is it best for them to have children.
According to the College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the peak reproductive years for women are between the ages of 20 to 30. From the age of 35, fertility is said to decline and by age 45, the chances of pregnancy are almost zero. This is because as a woman grows older, the set number of eggs decreases with age, and are likely to carry abnormalities. Furthermore, as women age, they are inclined to develop health conditions that affect fertility such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, to even cervical cancer which may require a hysterectomy. To combat age-related fertility loss, egg freezing has now become the unconventional way for women to take control of what they deem as the right time to have children. Although health is the primary factor in women opting for egg freezing, studies further reveal that women’s lack of a stable partner and career demands in their early years, serve as grounds for social egg freezing.
The egg freezing procedure- How does it work?
Egg freezing is a clinical procedure where medical professionals retrieve eggs from a woman’s ovaries. The procedure involves injecting yourself with hormone medications for a period of up to 12 days (every day) to allow for a group of eggs to develop at the same time. What follows is bloodwork as well as ultrasounds to track the development of the eggs. An embryologist (a person trained to examine eggs and embryos) will then confirm that the eggs are mature and can therefore be retrieved. With this confirmation, a 30-minute procedure to retrieve the eggs will follow, from which the eggs will then be stored in liquid nitrogen and what is called an embryology lab.
Key considerations- what if it doesn’t work?
Although egg freezing is sold as a way for women to be able to conceive at a later stage in life, it is important to note that the procedure does not guarantee a successful pregnancy later on. Studies by Care Fertility depict that for every 8 eggs frozen, 6 survive the thawing process and chances of birth are up to 32% depending on factors such as age. The general rule is the earlier a woman starts to freeze her eggs, the better the chances of a successful pregnancy.
It is also important to note other health effects that come with egg freezing. These include Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, which is a condition that occurs when there’s an excessive response to the stimulation of the ovaries because of the hormone injections. Although the condition is uncommon, it can lead to abdominal discomfort, shortness of breath, bloating, swelling of the ankles, and weight gain.
It is also worth noting that egg freezing is quite costly for the average woman and rarely covered by health insurance or medical aid. It can cost up to R40 000 per cycle and drugs used to stimulate the eggs are also not covered. You can expect to pay an average of R7000 per annum to have your eggs stored in an embryology lab. This, of course, differs from country to country.
What to expect in preparation for the procedure?
Prior to starting the egg-freezing procedure, there are a couple of checks conducted by a fertility specialist. These include follicle count, confirming your age, and an anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) test. These checks are all aimed at testing fertility potential.
Now that I have frozen my eggs what is next?
Amongst the advantages that egg freezing presents is the safety of knowing that there is no set limit for how long the eggs can be stored. Furthermore, your eggs will remain in the same genetic state they were in, at the age you chose to harvest and freeze them.
Once you are ready to have children using your frozen eggs, you will undergo the IVF process. This will entail your eggs thawed and combined with a sperm and allowed to develop for up to 6 days. From then on the eggs fertilized will begin to form embryos which can be transferred into a woman’s body. A successful transfer of the embryos and use of a set of frozen eggs may mean some women may have leftover eggs, which they can then opt to donate.
Methods to store the eggs, and the type of drugs used to stimulate the eggs have improved over time to make the process less daunting.
The option for women to freeze their eggs has been met with some criticism where women opting for egg freezing without a medical reason are considered selfish-career-obsessed women. Egg freezing which is being sold as the ‘ultimate lottery ticket’ to later motherhood is also problematic. The accessibility of this option to non-middle and high-income earners due to costs, the health side effects it presents, as well as the lack of guarantee for pregnancy later are important considerations
Vaginal rejuvenation- Is "designer vagina" worth it?
The popularity of vaginal rejuvenation has soared drastically. According to grandviewresearch, global vaginal rejuvenation market size was estimated at USD 1.5 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1% by 2030. Cosmetic genecology, often referred to colloquially as "Designer vagina" was often reserved for women wanting to repair their vaginas that are damaged by childbirth. However, an increasing number of women have opted for this surgery, even without any damage from childbirth, for the sole purpose of an aesthetically pleasing "peach" and for increased sexual pleasure. Some women may require surgery to alleviate physical discomfort and pain.
Most women who opt for the surgery are in their 40s and above, as the vagina is known to lose elasticity, especially after childbirth or as women hit menopause. The loss of estrogen leads to a thin and dry vaginal mucosa. Therefore, the vagina undergoes atrophy, which leads to vaginal irritation, discharge, pain during sex. However, statistics from grandviewresearch reveals that women in their 30s and 20s have opted for the surgery, to achieve a "tighter" vagina.
In a qualitative study conducted by BMC Women's Health, female genital cosmetic surgery improves the women’s body image and sexual function and the couples’ sexual satisfaction, especially that of the partner.
Here are the common types of vaginal surgery available for women;
1. Labiaplasty: This is a surgical procedure that involves reducing the size or re-shaping the labia minora or labia majora, the folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening. Women may request this procedure if they feel self-conscious about the appearance of their labia or experience discomfort from enlarged or stretched labia.
2. Vaginoplasty: This is a type of surgical procedure that involves tightening of the vagina. It is commonly performed to help women who experience vaginal laxity, which may occur after childbirth or due to aging.
3. Hymenoplasty: This is a surgical procedure that involves restoring the hymen or creating a new one. This procedure is typically performed for cultural or religious reasons, or after sexual assault.
Risks and Complications of Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with cosmetic vaginal surgery. Some of these risks include infection, bleeding, scarring, and complications related to anesthesia.
Additionally, there may be emotional and psychological factors to consider before undergoing cosmetic vaginal surgery. Women should have a clear understanding of their motivations, expectations, and potential outcomes of the procedure before making a decision.
What You Need to Know Before Undergoing Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery
Women considering cosmetic vaginal surgery should first consult with a board-certified plastic surgeon who is experienced in these types of procedures. During the consultation, the surgeon will evaluate the patient's needs and discuss the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes of the procedure. If you have opted to undergo surgery, here are some recovery tips;
- Rest for one week. You can start off with your daily activities after a few hours, but rest and relaxation help in faster recovery, advised the expert.
- Apply cold compress, ice packs to the surgical area to help decrease the swelling and pain.
- Wear loose and comfortable cotton underwear to minimise friction and pressure to the area.
- For the next six weeks, avoid sexual activity, swimming and any rigorous physical activity.
It's important for women to have realistic expectations of the results and understand that the procedure may not address underlying physical or emotional issues.
Subscribe today
Thinking of getting a BBL? Here are some risks to note
In recent years, the popularity of Brazilian Butt Lift, or BBL, has skyrocketed as an increasing number of people are seeking to achieve a contoured, fuller backside. However, the procedure has been marked by concerns about patient safety. A recent study found that a staggering one in 3000 people who undergo the BBL procedure will experience fatal complications – a mortality rate higher than for any other cosmetic procedure.
Here are some of the dangers and risks associated with BBL surgeries:
1. Fat Embolism: The fat used for a BBL is injected into a layer of fat beneath the skin and sometimes into the dense muscle lying beneath it. Fat droplets can enter the bloodstream and travel to the lungs, heart or brain, leading to blockages or death. Embolism is considered the deadliest risk associated with the procedure.
2. Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is the risk of infection, including bacterial infections that can develop at the injection site, leading to life-threatening conditions.
3. Seroma: A collection of fluids that can occur wherever fat is removed or deposited, creating a pocket of fluid within tissues. These fluid pockets can become infected or cause the skin to die.
4. Uneven or asymmetrical results: A potential risk associated with BBL procedures is that the transferred fat may be poorly distributed, leading to unevenness, asymmetry, or lumpiness.
5. Skin Necrosis: Blood supply to the skin on or around the injection site can become compromised, causing skin death leading to scarring or further surgery.
6. General anesthesia risks: One of the most significant risks is those related to general anesthesia, which carries its own dangers such as severe reactions, complications, and occasionally even death.
It is important to note that these risks are not exclusive to BBL procedures, but any surgical operation may expose a person to these hazards. Nonetheless, it is vital to consider the risks and benefits of any surgical procedure carefully. BBL is not recommended for individuals suffering from obesity, mobilizing health issues, or who have a history of surgeries or medical treatments.
It is also vital to consult a trained and board-certified plastic surgeon with experience in performing the BBL procedure and follow a strict post-op regiment of care to ensure optimal results.
In conclusion, while a BBL may seem like a quick and easy way to get the body shape you desire, it is crucial to be fully aware of the risks involved. Before committing to any surgical procedure, it is essential that you research and weigh the potential downsides against the desired outcome properly. With careful consideration and consultation with a qualified surgeon, you can make an educated decision regarding your health and long-term safety.
Adapting to Mom life
Jasmine Welcome
Understanding and dealing with baby blues and postpartum depression
Transitioning from normal life to parenthood can be a scary and daunting process. The birth of a baby is an emotional rollercoaster where one experiences joy, excitement, fear, and anxiety.
Many moms and new moms experience a variety of emotions such as anxiety and do not understand why they may be experiencing these feelings. Baby blues and postpartum depression are not often spoken about which is why some mothers do not understand these emotions. Baby blues and postpartum depression are remarkably similar illnesses and are experienced by many parents.
What are baby blues?
Baby blues are a feeling of sudden sadness that often happens after childbirth and affects around 80% of parents. Baby blues are caused by a decrease in estrogen and progesterone which cause mood swings and feelings of sadness. Emotional distress is another cause of baby blues as new parents may be anxious about taking care of a new baby and may be stressed about a life-changing event. Lack of sleep and not eating can add to experiencing baby blues.
Symptoms and signs of baby blues:
Baby blues should only last up to 2 weeks after the baby is born if you are still experiencing these symptoms after 2 weeks you need to see a medical doctor as you may have postpartum depression.
- Mood swings
- Anxiety
- Sadness
- Irritability
- Feeling overwhelmed
- Crying
- Reduced concentration
- Appetite problems
- Trouble sleeping.
What can I do to feel better?
There is no treatment for baby blues but there are a few things that can make you feel better
- Get as much sleep as you can.
- Ask for help from your partner, family, and friends. Tell them exactly what they can do for you, such as going grocery shopping or watching the baby while you shower or sleep.
- Take time for yourself. Ask someone you trust to watch your baby so you can get out of the house. Getting some sunshine can help, too.
- Try to connect with other new parents. A support group can be helpful. This is a group of people who have the same concerns. They meet to try to help each other.
- Do not drink alcohol, use street drugs, or abuse prescription medication. All of these can affect your mood and make you feel worse. And they can make it hard for you to take care of your baby.
- Eat healthy foods and get exercise if you can. Exercise can help reduce stress.
What is postpartum depression?
Postpartum depression is different from baby blues as symptoms last longer than baby blues and is severe. Postpartum depression is a serious mental illness that affects your mental and physical wellbeing.
Postpartum depression affects your day-to-day life, mothers may feel disconnected from their babies and these feelings can vary from mild to severe. Many new mothers feel overwhelmed and experience baby blues symptoms but if these feelings do not disappear after 2 weeks you should seek medical assistance immediately.
- Feeling restless or moody
- Feeling sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed
- Crying a lot
- Having thoughts of hurting the baby
- Having thoughts of hurting yourself
- Not having any interest in the baby, not feeling connected to the baby, or feeling as if your baby is someone else’s baby
- Having no energy or motivation
- Eating too little or too much
- Sleeping too little or too much
- Having trouble focusing or making decisions
- Having memory problems
- Feeling worthless, guilty, or like a bad mother
- Losing interest or pleasure in activities you used to enjoy
- Withdrawing from friends and family
- Having headaches, aches, pains, or stomach problems that do not go away.
New mothers may feel embarrassed, ashamed, or guilty about feeling depressed when they are supposed to be happy. They may also worry they will be seen as bad mothers. Any woman can become depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby. It does not mean you are a bad mom. You and your baby do not have to suffer. There is help. Your doctor can help you figure out whether your symptoms are caused by depression or something else.
Postpartum depression can be treated in many ways such as:
Therapy. During therapy, you talk to a therapist, psychologist, or social worker to learn strategies to change how depression makes you think, feel, and act.
Medication. There are diverse types of medication for postpartum depression. All of them must be prescribed by your doctor or nurse. The most common type is antidepressants. Antidepressants can help relieve symptoms of depression and some can be taken while you are breastfeeding. Antidepressants may take several weeks to start working.
Postpartum depression is not a character flaw or a weakness. Sometimes it is simply a complication of giving birth. Experiencing baby blues or postpartum depression does not mean you are a bad parent it is normal to feel overwhelmed after childbirth.
Immune Boosting foods to get you through cold and flu season
Itumeleng Mavuso
Winter is fast approaching. While the best thing you can do to prevent illness is to wash your hands, it is imperative to boost your health and immunity.
The immune-boosting foods listed below can help strengthen your body's natural defense system.
1. Oranges: This type of fruit is packed with vitamin C, an essential nutrient when you’re feeling under the
weather.
2. Water: When you’re feeling sick, good old H2O can be one of the most helpful drinks to sip.
Staying hydrated can help loosen trapped mucus. Try drinking at least the recommended
eight glasses of water a day to keep yourself fully hydrated since we tend to lose more fluids
when we are sick.
3. Blueberries: These are filled with antioxidants that can help treat and prevent coughs
and colds.
4. Tomatoes: Tomatoes are also a great food to eat when you’re sick due to their high
concentration of vitamin C. Just one medium tomato contains a little over 16 milligrams of
vitamin C, which is a proven fuel to your body’s immune system.
5. Dark chocolate: Believe it or not, dark chocolate can be extremely helpful in fighting off of a
cold. Dark chocolate contains a heavy concentration of theobromine, an antioxidant that has
been proven to alleviate coughing.
6. Broccoli: can be a great addition to your diet if you’re trying to prevent a cold. Broccoli and
other cruciferous vegetables were proven to help boost immunity.
7. Spinach: Spinach is a major superfood that is great for your overall health. Not only is it
packed with digestion-regulating fiber, but it also contains vitamin C. Vitamin C is a powerful
nutrient that can assist in preventing the common cold and help reduce symptoms of
sickness.
8. Whole grain bread: contain anti-inflammatory properties, which allows for an increase of
production of healthy bacteria, it’s important to keep your gut healthy if you want to fend off
any cold-causing germs!
9. Garlic: has built a reputation for being one of the best cold-curing foods, and for good
reason.
10. Apples: "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" isn’t just a saying, apples actually can help
prevent illnesses such as the common cold. This fruit contains phytochemical antioxidants,
according to a study published in Nutrition Journal. These antioxidants help boost immunity
and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Women's health: Prioritizing Intimate health
What your discharge is trying to tell you?
Vaginal discharge is defined as a fluid that's secreted by your vagina, cervix, and vulva. Its job is to help keep your reproductive system clean and healthy by flushing out dead cells and other debris. The amount and consistency of discharge vary based on where you are in your menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause. Vaginal discharge is a natural part of your body's functioning, but changes in consistency, color, or odor can be a sign of something not being right. Understanding the types of discharge can help you identify potential issues and seek appropriate medical treatment if necessary. If you notice any unusual changes in your discharge, it's best to contact your healthcare provider for medical advice and treatment. Remember, staying on top of your reproductive health is essential for your overall well-being. Below are the types you need to be familiar with.
- Clear or White Discharge - This is the most common type of discharge, and it's typically a sign that everything is healthy. It's often watery or creamy in texture and doesn't have a strong smell.
- Yellow or Green Discharge - If your discharge is yellow or green, it could be a sign of a bacterial infection. It's usually thicker and has a stronger odor.
- Bloody Discharge - If you're not on your period, and you notice any bloody discharge, you should contact your OB-GYN or healthcare provider to rule out any potential health concerns.
- Brown Discharge - Brown discharge at the end of your period usually isn't a cause for concern since it's just leftover blood exiting your body. However, if you notice brown discharge outside of your menstrual cycle, it's best to schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider.
- Thick, White, and Clumpy Discharge - Thick, white, and clumpy discharge typically indicates a yeast infection. This may be accompanied by itching, burning, and a strong odor.
- Watery Discharge - Watery discharge is common before and after ovulation and isn't usually a cause for concern. However, if it's a significant amount or accompanied by other symptoms, it may indicate a potential health issue.
Mantaining a healthy pH
Maintaining a healthy vaginal pH balance is critical for women's reproductive health. The acidity level of the vagina can fluctuate due to various reasons, including menstruation, sexual activity, and the use of certain medications. A pH imbalance can result in bacterial or yeast infections, unpleasant odor, and other uncomfortable symptoms. Here are some tips on how to regulate your pH and take care of your vagina:
- Keep the area clean: Always keep the external genital area clean and dry. Use mild soap and warm water to clean the area. Avoid using harsh soaps, bubble baths, or scented products.
- Wear cotton underwear: Choose breathable underwear made of natural fabrics such as cotton. Avoid tight-fitting clothing that can trap moisture and increase the risk of infection.
- Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help regulate vaginal pH levels. Avoid sugar and processed foods as they can increase the risk of yeast infections.
- Practice safe sex: Use condoms to protect against sexually transmitted infections that can disrupt the vaginal flora and pH balance.
- Avoid douching: Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and lead to bacterial or yeast infections.
- Use pH-balanced products: Choose products that are pH-balanced specifically for vaginal care. Avoid products that contain harsh chemicals or fragrances.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps prevent vaginal dryness, which can increase the risk of infection.
- Probiotics: Probiotics containing Lactobacillus can help maintain optimal vaginal health. They help to regulate the pH and prevent harmful bacteria from multiplying.
- Avoid wearing wet clothing: After swimming or exercising, change out of wet clothing, especially wet bathing suits, to prevent moisture buildup that could contribute to pH imbalances.
Are chemical relaxers increasing risk of uterine fibroids?
Recent studies have suggested that the use of hair relaxers and other chemical hair products may increase a woman's risk of developing uterine fibroids. Several studies have linked exposure to hair relaxers with an increased prevalence of uterine fibroids among black women.
The chemicals in hair relaxers, especially those containing lye, have been found to be endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with the body's hormonal balance. They can mimic or block hormones, leading to an imbalance that may contribute to the development of uterine fibroids.
One study found that women who used hair relaxers once a month or more for at least a year had a 30% increased risk of developing uterine fibroids compared to women who did not use relaxers. Another study found that black women who used hair relaxers had a 1.4- to 2.3-fold increased risk of developing fibroids compared to those who never used relaxers.
These studies suggest that there may be a connection between the use of chemical hair products, especially hair relaxers.
According to research by McLeod Health, uterine fibroids are more prevalent in black women than in any other ethnic group. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences estimates that 70% to 80% of black women will develop benign fibroids by their late forties and 50% would have had them by age 35. Although there isn’t any conclusive research as to why fibroids are more common in black women than in any other ethnic group and what exactly causes uterine fibroids, there is a growing need to explore treatment options as many women suffer from the symptoms without any proper diagnosis. Some women end up seeing a doctor when symptoms are severe and they have developed anemia, are fatigued, and have experienced heavy periods for a long time. Some black women are said to wait up to 4 years before seeking treatment. Research in sub-Saharan Africa shows prolonged delays in going to the doctor are due to lack of knowledge, corrosive poverty, transportation limitations, misinformation from family and friends, as well as wrongful deep-seated cultural beliefs. Furthermore, the challenges faced by women with uterine fibroids include inadequate access to appropriate healthcare facilities, lack of available well-trained providers, poor quality of services when available, affordability issues, and poor nutritional status.
What are uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are growths that develop in the uterus and are often referred to in medical practice as leiomyomas or myomas. There are three types of major uterine fibroids located in different parts of the uterus. These are Intramural fibroids that grow within the muscular uterine wall, Submucosal fibroids which bulge into the uterine cavity, and Subserosal fibroids which grow on the outside of the uterus.
What causes uterine fibroids?
Although the cause of fibroids is not known, there are several risk factors identified which include;
• Family history
Fibroids appear to have a genetic basis and are common in families where there is a history of fibroids regardless of race, ethnicity, or nationality.
• Obesity and nutrition
Women who have a higher body mass index (BMI) are more likely to develop uterine fibroids. This is because they tend to have higher estrogen levels which may contribute to the growth of fibroids. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency contributes to fibroid growth.
• Use of hair relaxers
Black Women’s Health study showed a positive trend between hair relaxers and uterine fibroids. The study depicts that women who use hair relaxers more frequently and experienced more burns and scalp lesions are exposed to hormonally active compounds that could contribute to fibroid growth.
Symptoms of Uterine fibroids
Although in some cases there are no obvious symptoms, some women notice belly weight, as though they are pregnant. This is because, in the case of multiple uterine fibroids, they can grow in size. Other symptoms include;
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Menstrual periods lasting more than a week or irregular periods
• Pelvic pressure or pain
• Frequent urination
• Difficulty emptying the bladder
• Constipation
• Backache or leg pains
Early detection
Pelvic examinations are most commonly used to detect uterine fibroids. Furthermore, an ultrasound will be conducted to confirm the presence of uterine fibroids. Doctors may perform an ultrasound using a device on your abdomen (transabdominal) or place it inside your vagina (transvaginal). This allows them to see the uterus, detect any abnormalities and in the case where there are fibroids, measure them. Other methods used by doctors to detect fibroids include inserting a small telescope through your cervix and into your uterus to examine uterine walls, using sterile saline to expand your uterine cavity to get a better view of fibroids, or using a dye to highlight your reproductive system to help determine if your fallopian tubes are blocked.
Treatment options
Fibroids can be as small as 1 mm and can further grow to more than 20 cm in extreme cases. When left untreated, they can rapture, causing damage to other organs such as your bladder. Only 1% of uterine fibroids are cancerous, and early detection is pivotal to receiving treatment. Although there is no singular prescribed method for treating fibroids, there are treatment options available depending on your symptoms and underlying health conditions. Doctors may put you on birth control to regulate your hormone levels which will help shrink your fibroids. Over-the-counter meds are also available to relieve pain. Other treatment methods include a medical practitioner freezing fibroids using extreme cold, injecting small particles to cut off blood supply to the fibroids, or using high frequency, high-energy sound waves to target the fibroids inside a special MRI machine. In more severe cases, a myomectomy which is the surgical removal of fibroids followed by the reconstruction of the uterus is prescribed. This doesn’t affect the chances of getting pregnant however, in more severe cases, a hysterectomy, which is the complete removal of the uterus, is performed by doctors.
Pregnancy and infertility
Women with fibroids can get pregnant. In rare cases, fibroids can prevent an egg from attaching itself to the womb lining or even block the fallopian tube. Usually, the size and location of the fibroid will affect the type of delivery you have. Furthermore, fibroids can tend to affect the development of the baby and increase the risk of premature labor or even a miscarriage.
A key takeaway for black women is to ensure that they always have a routine check-up with their gynecologist, especially when they experience symptoms such as prolonged periods and pelvic pain. Although fibroids may not physically kill you, they can impact your quality of life and relationships due to the health effects they present. Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about symptoms and treatment options.